Publications:

Rehman, U., Cao, S., & MacGregor, C. G. (2024). Modelling level 1 situation awareness in driving: A cognitive architecture approach. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 165, 104737.
Rehman, U., Cao, S., & Macgregor, C. G. (2024). Modeling Brake Perception Response Time in On-Road and Roadside Hazards Using an Integrated Cognitive Architecture. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems.
Xu, R., Cao, S., Kearns, S. K., Niechwiej-Szwedo, E., & Irving, E. (2024). Computational Cognitive Modeling of Pilot Performance in Pre-flight and Take-off Procedures. Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research, 33(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.58940/2329- 258X.2026
Rehman, U., Cao, S., & MacGregor, C. (2019). Using an Integrated Cognitive Architecture to Model the Effect of Environmental Complexity on Drivers’ Situation Awareness. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 812-816). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
Deng, C., Cao, S., Wu, C., & Lyu, N. (2019). Predicting drivers’ direction sign reading reaction time using an integrated cognitive architecture. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 13(4), 622-627.
Deng, C., Cao, S., Wu, C., & Lyu, N. (2019). Modeling driver take-over reaction time and emergency response time using an integrated cognitive architecture. Transportation Research Record.
Cao, S., Ho, A., & He, J. (2018). Modeling and predicting mobile phone touchscreen transcription typing using an integrated cognitive architecture. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 34(6), 544-556.
Cao, S., Qin, Y., Zhao, L., & Shen, M. (2015). Modeling the development of vehicle lateral control skills in a cognitive architecture. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 32, 1-10.
Cao, S., & Liu, Y. (2015). Modelling workload in cognitive and concurrent tasks with time stress using an integrated cognitive architecture. International Journal of Human Factors Modelling and Simulation, 5(2), 113–135. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHFMS.2015.075360
Cao, S., Qin, Y., Jin, X., Zhao, L., & Shen, M. (2014). Effect of driving experience on collision avoidance braking: An experimental investigation and computational modelling. Behaviour and Information Technology, 33(9), 929–940.
Cao, S. (2013). Queueing Network Modeling of Human Performance in Complex Cognitive Multi-task Scenarios (Doctoral dissertation).
Cao, S., & Liu, Y. (2013). Queueing network- adaptive control of thought rational (QN-ACTR): An integrated cognitive architecture for modelling complex cognitive and multi-task performance. International Journal of Human Factors Modelling and Simulation, 4(1), 63–86.

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Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University