Quick Index

• Outline .
• What happens during tutoring? .
• Question & answer sessions .
• Coached problem solving .
• A taxonomy of tutoring activities .
• Outline .
• Tutoring is extraordinarily effective .
• Why is tutoring effective? .
• Mastery Learning: Definition .
• Mastery Learning: Findings with tutors .
• Mastery Learning: Explanation .
• Mastery Learning: Implications .
• Immediate vs. delayed feedback: Definition .
• Immediate vs. delayed feedback: Findings with tutors .
• Immediate vs. delayed feedback: Explanation .
• Minimal vs. non-minimal feedback: Definition .
• Minimal vs. non-minimal feedback: Findings .
• Minimal vs. non-minimal feedback: Explanation .
• Goal/plan scaffolding: Definition .
• Goal/plan scaffolding: Evidence .
• Goal/plan scaffolding: Explanation .
• Micro-adaptation: Different rules require different explanations .
• Micro-adaptation: Try different explanations until one works .
• Why is tutoring effective? .
• Macro-adaptation .
• Diagnosis: Adapting instruction to the student's bugs .
• Motivation .
• Self-explanation .
• Outline .
• Difficulties in building tutors: How can psychology help? .
• Converting a problem solver into a cognitive model .
• Designing user interfaces that enhance learning .
• More studies of prompting, scaffolding, hints, etc. .
• Summary .